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|Section2= |Section7= |Section8= }} Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) is an organic compound which is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor at room temperature. It is primarily used as a beverage preservative, processing aid, or sterilant (INS No. 242), and acts by inhibiting the enzymes acetate kinase and L-glutamic acid decarboxylase.〔()〕 It has also been proposed that DMDC inhibits the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by causing the methoxycarbonylation of their histidine components.〔(DMDC's role in bottle stability - dimethyl dicarbonate ), Wines & Vines, Oct 1990〕 The compound is also used as a 'green' methylating agent.〔Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Vol II WCECS 2010, October 20–22, 2010, San Francisco, USA〕 == Use in wine == In wine, it is often used to replace potassium sorbate, as it inactivates wine spoilage yeasts such as ''Brettanomyces''. Once it has been added to beverages, the efficacy of the chemical is provided by the following reactions: :DMDC + H2O → 2 CH3OH + 2 CO2 :DMDC + Ethanol → Ethyl methyl carbonate :DMDC + NH3 → Methyl carbamate :DMDC + Amino acid → Derived carboxymethyl The application of DMDC is particularly useful when wine needs to be sterilized but cannot be sterile filtered, pasteurized, or sulfured. DMDC is also used to stabilize non-alcoholic beverages such as carbonated or non-carbonated juice beverages, isotonic sports beverages, iced teas and flavored waters. DMDC is added before the filling of the beverage. It then breaks down into small amounts of methanol and carbon dioxide, which are both natural constituents of fruit and vegetable juices. The EU Scientific Committee on Food, the FDA in the United States and the JECFA of the WHO have confirmed the safe use in beverages. The FDA approved its use in wines in 1988, with the maximum level being permitted set at 200 mg/L, and only if there were fewer than 500 yeast cells/mL at time of dosage.〔US Food and Drug Administration: (【引用サイトリンク】title=Listing of Food Additives Status Part I )〕 It is also approved in the EU, where it is listed under E number E242,〔UK Food Standards Agency: (【引用サイトリンク】title=Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers )〕 as well as Australia and New Zealand.〔Food Standards Australia and New Zealand, Application A1015 - Classification of Dimethyl Dicarbonate - Approval Report -15 December 2010(【引用サイトリンク】title= Application A1025 - Classification of Dimethyl Dicarbonate )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dimethyl dicarbonate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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